He obtained his M.B.B.S. from the University of Adelaide, Australia in 1980, M.R.C.P (UK) in 1985 and Masters of Medical Sciences from University of Sheffield in 1987. He was promoted to Associate Professor in 1992. In 1996, he was admitted as Fellow of Royal College of Physicians (Edinburgh) and in 2000 he was promoted as full Professor of Medicine. He also received an Honorary Doctor of Medicine degree from International Medical University in 2017. In 2022 he was bestowed the Legacy Award by the Malaysian Endocrine and Metabolic Society for his contribution in this field.
He has to date obtained over 110 research grants mainly in the field of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and thyroid disorders. He has supervised over 24 postgraduate students and has published over 140 papers, presented over 110 papers, and has been invited to give over 560 lectures. He is also involved in formulation of Clinical Practice Guidelines such as Malaysian Type 2 DM, Thyroid Disorders and Obesity and the International Diabetes Federation and Diabetes & Ramadan International Alliance - Diabetes and Ramadan Practical Guidelines.